مبدل حرارتی پوسته و لوله (Shell and tube heat Exchanger)
نوعی مبدل حرارتی است که کاربرد وسیعی در صنایع شیمیایی مانند واحدهای تقطیر نفت خام دارد. همانطور که از نام آن پیداست این مبدل از یک مخزن استوانهای شکل بزرگ (پوسته) در فشار بالا و تعدادی لوله در داخل آن
تشکیل شده است. مایع در داخل لولهها حرکت میکند و بخار داغ بر روی لولهها و درون پوسته جریان دارد. به علت تعداد زیاد این لولهها و سطح تماس بالایی که ایجاد میکند، حرارت بخار به مایع داخل لوله منتقل شده و مایع را
به جوش میآورد.
مبدل های حرارتی پوسته و لوله (shell & tube) معروفترین نوع مبدل حرارتی در صنایع و کارخانجات به خصوص صنعت پتروشیمی می باشند .این نوع مبدل ها قابل استفاده برای سطح تماس زیاد با فشار بالاتر از 30 بار و حرارت
بیشتر از 260 درجه سانتیگراد می باشد. می توان گفت که ساختمان مبدل ها شامل تعدادی لوله است که در داخل یک استوانه قرار می گیرند و دو سیال مورد نظر که یکی سرد و دیگری گرم است، بدون اینکه بطور مستقیم با
یکدیگر برخورد کنند از طریق دیواره فلزی لوله ها با یکدیگر تبادل حرارت خواهند کرد. به عبارت دیگر یکی از این دو سیال در لوله ها و دیگری در اطراف لوله ها ، درون پوسته جریان خواهد داشت. دو سیال می توانند در دو فاز و در
جهات نا همسو حرکت کنند. یک مبدل حرارتی پوسته و لوله از چهار قسمت اصلی تشکیل شده است : هدر جلویی : قسمت ورودی سیال به داخل تیوب های مبدل می باشد. هدر پشتی : قسمت خروجی سیال از مبدل برای
مبدل های یک گذر و قسمت برگرداننده سیال به هدر جلویی برای مبدل های چند گذر می باشد. تیوب باندل : که شامل تیوب، نگهدارنده تیوب، بافل، tie rods و … می باشد. پوسته نگهدارنده تیوب باندل می باشد.
از مزایای این مبدل ها می توان به سطح تماس زیاد در حجم کم، طرح مکانیکی خوب و توزیع یکنواخت فشار و راحتی تمیز کردن تیوب ها اشاره کرد .
انواع مختلف طراحی مبدل های پوسته و لوله در استاندارد بین المللی TEMA (با در نظر گرفتن استاندارد ASME, Section VIII, Division 1 برای بویلر و مخازن تحت فشار) بیان شده است.
استاندارد بین المللی TEMA سه نوع استاندارد مکانیکی برای طراحی، ساخت و انتخاب متریال مبدل حرارتی پوسته و لوله به شرح زیر بیان کرده است :
کلاس R : این نوع طراحی مورد استفاده در فرآیندهای نفت و گاز می باشد.
کلاس C : این نوع طراحی برای فرآیندهای عمومی و تجاری مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد.
کلاس B : این نوع طراحی برای فرآیندهای شیمیایی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد.
انواع مختلف مبدل های پوسته و لوله
مبدل های حرارتی پوسته و لوله به سه دسته زیر تقسیم می شوند :
مبدل های با تیوب شیت ثابت (Fixed Tube Sheet Exchanger)
مبدل با لوله های U شکل (U – Tube Exchanger)
مبدل های یک سر شناور (Floating Head Heat Exchanger)
مقایسه ی مبدل های حرارتی پوسته لوله با صفحه ای
ALFA LAVAL
Alfa Laval is today a world leader within the key technology areas of heat transfer, separation and fluid handling. Our company was founded on a single brilliant invention and innovation remains at the heart of everything we do.
With more than 2500 patents, we provide worldwide solutions in areas that are vital to society both today and for the future.
Energy, Environment and Food
With the vision of creating better everyday conditions for people, Alfa Laval has developed products since 1883. The world is increasingly focused on saving energy and protecting the environment. Alfa Laval is committed to those goals. Our products are involved in treating water, reducing carbon emissions and minimizing water and energy consumption, as well as heating, cooling, separating and transporting food. These areas represent the core of Alfa Laval’s expertise.
BOWMAN
Bowman Oil Coolers and Heat Exchangers
EJ Bowman is a worldwide, ISO9001 certified OEM Heat Exchanger and Oil Cooler manufacturer, used for industrial and commercial applications.
Valuable experience gained in the arduous marine environment has enabled us to build exceptionally reliable heat exchangers for land based duties including hydraulic oil systems, units for Co-generation / Combined Heat & Power (CHP), waste heat recovery applications, oil coolers for miningequipment and other areas where quality and reliability is paramount.
We have a purpose built factory ideally situated centrally in the heart of the UK, from where it directly exports over 70% of its production worldwide.
Experience has shown us that there is rarely a need for purpose built Heat Exchangers; as such, we have developed our own extensive range of standard Bowman Oil Coolers & Bowman Heat Exchanger designs, the majority of which can be supplied from our large stock facility.
Our policy of standardization which we follow for all our products, ensures that our customers receive a renowned Quality Heat Exchanger / Oil Cooler of proven design and known characteristics at a competitive price.
Take a look at this website to find your Heating / Cooling requirements, or contact our Sales Department for more information or simply a discussion about how we may help and assist with your application requirements.
FUNKE
FUNKE is a leading developer and manufacturer of quality heat exchangers
We can supply solutions of optimum thermodynamic design for a wide range of sectors and for almost any application. We produce modular standard equipment and customized designs as per customer specification, in compliance with international norms and standards.
We also make safety heat exchangers and sterile equipment to FDA standards for the pharmaceutical and food processing industries. Our customers benefit from the type of service that can only be provided by midsize companies with short decision-making processes.
Kelvion
Welcome to Kelvion. As successor to the GEA Heat Exchangers Group, we continue to break new ground, making discerning customers more successful than ever with our integrated heat exchanger solutions.
Our solutions for your applications:
We offer our customers one of the world’s largest product portfolios in the field of heat exchangers. It includes individual solutions for practically all conceivable applications and complex environmental conditions: plate heat exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers, finned tube heat exchangers, modular cooling tower systems, and refrigeration heat exchangers.
Your markets are our markets, too:
The markets in which you and we together operate are among the most important in the world: energy, the oil and gas industry, the chemical industry, marine applications, food and beverages, climate and environment. We provide every single market segment with solutions of outstanding efficiency, safety, and sustainability.
We are highly committed to earning your trust:
We want to win your trust with everything we do and convince you with the solutions we offer. With this high aim in mind, we invest our extensive know-how, our great precision, and our passion in everything we do: including product development, manufacturing, installation, and after-sales support.
Seeing things from the customer perspective:
Your specific requirements count – and nothing else. Whatever we offer you, it must meet these requirements. Our entire way of thinking and working is geared towards this aim. Our customers truly appreciate this: after all, this is how we make their companies more efficient.
UNIVERSAL HYDRAULIC
Innovative and customer oriented systems dictate tomorrow’s market. This is the principle which Universal Hydraulik has been following for more than 30 years in designing hydraulic systems, cooling systems and heat exchangers which are used all over the world in all fields of application. We are at your service in Neu-Anspach in Germany and in Putim in the Czech Republic. We distribute our products direct and furthermore work together with over 25 distributions to be present worldwide.
Our Heat Exchangers are available as catalog products or designed for your special request. The calculation is done with a precise calculation software. The drawing is available in 3-D. The products are tested up to 5-times during production. The cooling performance can be proofed on our own test stand.
In purchasing our hydraulic and cooling systems our customers are provided with a turnkey system from one source. We design, manufacture and install the complete system. All our systems are fully tested before delivery
and supplied with extensive documentation. Moreover, our customer service
department is always available for maintenance and servicing.
Service is our top priority – from project oversight right through to installation. Our customer service department provides a professional repair service for hydraulic components and is equipped with state-of-the-art test stands for final inspection. We also offer on-site fault analysis and corrective maintenance at our customers’ premises, both in Germany and abroad.
Advanced quality
Quality stands at the top of the list of priorities.
By supplying the best hydraulic components and top-quality processing, we set the standards of the system technology. All systems that leave our company are first tested on our own test equipment to the latest standards for function, processing and noise level. On commissioning, you will receive comprehensive technical documentation together with full maintenance and operating instructions. We thereby guarantee you a high-performance, long-life hydraulic system which will operate smoothly at all times.
Universal Hydraulik GmbH committed to supreme quality standards in the cooler manufacturing market
The tubular heat exchangers made in our own production facilities in the Czech Republic are subject to an in-process testing sequence comprising five different steps before being delivered. Starting with the tube inspection (measurement of wall thickness) right through to the final leak test on the entire cooling system, these tests generate rejects which we feel are better scrapped in our factory, sparing our customers the inconvenience of receiving faulty parts which have to be scrapped.
One of the expansion tests involves subjecting the coolers to 180 bar on the water side which puts the material under enormous stress and constitutes a test step which is without parallel elsewhere in the market.
Time and time again, the feedback from our customers confirms their satisfaction with the high quality and reliability of our cooling systems.
DIN ISO 9001:2015 certification
Since 1997 Universal Hydraulik is continously certificated.
The Certificate in combination with regular operational checks give our customers the security of working in partnership with a company at the highest quality production level.
The results of a representative customer satisfaction study have encouraged us to maintain and even improve the high quality standards of Universal Hydraulik.
Customized designs
Universal Hydraulik GmbH is especially known for customised solutions with Heat Exchangers or cooling systems.
Customised solutions for Heat Exchangers is the speciality of Universal Hydraulik GmbH, when it comes to vary from the standard catalogue. One option is also to use only parts of the complete product, e.g. the customer provides the housing of the Heat Exchanger.
Cooling systems are typically customised designed at Universal Hydraulik GmbH.
Made in Europe
Universal Hydraulik GmbH still uses european production plants (Germany and Czech Republic). With both locations Universal Hydraulik GmbH can offer on one hand prices on a world market level and on the other hand short lead times. The production control is easy and on a short notice through the neighbourhood of Germany and Czech Republic.